An Overview of Low-Level Jets (LLJs) and Their Roles in Heavy Rainfall over the Taiwan Area during the Early Summer Rainy Season

During the early summer rainy season over Taiwan, three types of low-level jets are observed, including a synoptic jet (SLLJ) situated in 850–700 hPa layer frontal zone, marine boundary (MBLJ) embedded within southwesterly monsoon flow northern South China Sea at approximately 925 level, and an orographically induced 1 km level off northwestern Taiwan coast (e.g., barrier (BJ)). The characteristics physical processes formation these reviewed, their roles development heavy rainfall discussed.